The Upheaval Impact:
5,280' X 0.3 = 1,584'. At 41 Mi/sec
The projectile begins to breakup at an altitude of 114000 meters = 375000 ft
The projectile reaches the ground in a broken condition. The mass of projectile strikes the surface at velocity 49.3 km/s = 30.6 miles/s
The impact energy is 3.58 x 10^19 Joules = 8.56 x 10^3 MegaTons.
The broken projectile fragments strike the ground in an ellipse of dimension 2.13 km by 1.51 km
Crater shape is normal in spite of atmospheric crushing; fragments are not significantly dispersed.
Transient Crater Diameter: 5.27 km ( = 3.27 miles )
Transient Crater Depth: 1.86 km ( = 1.16 miles )
Final Crater Diameter: 6.58 km ( = 4.09 miles )
Final Crater Depth: 522 meters ( = 1710 feet )
The crater formed is a complex crater.
The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 0.225 km^3 ( = 0.0541 miles^3 )
Roughly half the melt remains in the crater, where its average thickness is 10.3 meters ( = 33.9 feet ).
80 Miles away:
The ejecta will arrive approximately 2.73 minutes after the impact.
At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 3.23 mm ( = 1.27 tenths of an inch )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 2.1 cm ( = 0.826 inches )
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 25.8 seconds after impact.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.2
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 128.8 km:
Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.
Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken.
The air blast will arrive approximately 6.51 minutes after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 18100 Pa = 0.181 bars = 2.57 psi
Max wind velocity: 39.7 m/s = 88.8 mph
Sound Intensity: 85 dB (Loud as heavy traffic)
Damage Description:
Glass windows will shatter.
40 miles away:
The ejecta will arrive approximately 1.92 minutes after the impact.
At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 2.58 cm ( = 1.02 inches )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 13.2 cm ( = 5.18 inches )
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 12.9 seconds after impact.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.2
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 64.4 km:
Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.
Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken.
The air blast will arrive approximately 3.25 minutes after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 63800 Pa = 0.638 bars = 9.06 psi
Max wind velocity: 121 m/s = 271 mph
Sound Intensity: 96 dB (May cause ear pain)
Damage Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.
At 20 miles:
The ejecta will arrive approximately 1.36 minutes after the impact.
At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 20.7 cm ( = 8.13 inches )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 82.6 cm ( = 32.5 inches )
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 6.44 seconds after impact.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.2
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 32.2 km:
General panic. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluviated areas sand and mud ejected, earthquake fountains, sand craters.
Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Rails bent slightly.
The air blast will arrive approximately 1.63 minutes after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 264000 Pa = 2.64 bars = 37.5 psi
Max wind velocity: 344 m/s = 770 mph
Sound Intensity: 108 dB (May cause ear pain)
Damage Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Highway truss bridges will collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.
Time for maximum radiation: 134 milliseconds after impact
Visible fireball radius: 6.51 km ( = 4.04 miles )
The fireball appears 46 times larger than the sun
Thermal Exposure: 1.62 x 10^7 Joules/m^2
Duration of Irradiation: 1.43 minutes
Radiant flux (relative to the sun): 190
Effects of Thermal Radiation:
Clothing ignites.
Much of the body suffers third degree burns.
Newspaper ignites.
Plywood flames.
Deciduous trees ignite.
Grass ignites.
Distance of 10 miles
The ejecta will arrive approximately 57.4 seconds after the impact.
At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 1.65 meters ( = 5.42 feet )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 5.19 meters ( = 17 feet )
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 3.22 seconds after impact.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.2
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 16.1 km:
General panic. Damage considerable in specially designed structures; well-designed frame structures thrown out of plumb. Damage great in substantial buildings, with partial collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluviated areas sand and mud ejected, earthquake fountains, sand craters.
Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Rails bent slightly.
The air blast will arrive approximately 48.8 seconds after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 1200000 Pa = 12 bars = 170 psi
Max wind velocity: 841 m/s = 1880 mph
Sound Intensity: 122 dB (Dangerously Loud)
Damage Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Multistory steel-framed office-type buildings will suffer extreme frame distortion, incipient collapse.
Highway truss bridges will collapse.
Highway girder bridges will collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Cars and trucks will be largely displaced and grossly distorted and will require rebuilding before use.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.
Distance of 5 miles
The ejecta will arrive approximately 40.6 seconds after the impact.
Your position is beneath the continuous ejecta deposit.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 13.2 meters ( = 43.4 feet )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 32.6 meters ( = 107 feet )
The air blast will arrive approximately 24.4 seconds after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 5700000 Pa = 57 bars = 809 psi
Max wind velocity: 1900 m/s = 4260 mph
Sound Intensity: 135 dB (Dangerously Loud)
Damage Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Multistory steel-framed office-type buildings will suffer extreme frame distortion, incipient collapse.
Highway truss bridges will collapse.
Highway girder bridges will collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Cars and trucks will be largely displaced and grossly distorted and will require rebuilding before use.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.
500 Miles away:
The ejecta will arrive approximately 7.27 minutes after the impact.
At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 13.2 microns ( = 0.521 thousandths of an inch )
Mean Fragment Diameter: 163 microns ( = 6.43 thousandths of an inch )
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 2.68 minutes after impact.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 7.2
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 805 km:
Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions.
Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings.
The air blast will arrive approximately 40.7 minutes after impact.
Peak Overpressure: 1520 Pa = 0.0152 bars = 0.216 psi
Max wind velocity: 3.56 m/s = 7.97 mph
Sound Intensity: 64 dB (Loud as heavy traffic)
