Stuff & Things

Egg in the basket
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Frog in the Hole" redirects here. For the sausage dish, see Toad in the hole.
Egg in the basket EggToast.jpg
Egg in the basket with a "hat" or "lid"
Main ingredients Bread, eggs
Cookbook: Egg in the basket Media: Egg in the basket

Egg in the basket—also known by many other names— is an egg fried in a hole of a slice of bread.[1][2][3] A waffle or bagel (with a large enough hole) can also be substituted for the slice of bread.[4][5]

Contents

1 Names
2 Description
3 See also
4 References

Names

Variant names for the dish include "toad in the hole", "gashouse eggs", "a hole in one", "spit in the ocean", and "popeye eggs".[6][7]

The dish can be seen being prepared onscreen by actor Guy Kibbee in the 1935 Warner Bros film, Mary Jane's Pa, leading them to sometimes be known as "Guy Kibbee Eggs". They are sometimes called "Betty Grable Eggs", stemming from the preparation of the dish in the actress's 1941 film Moon Over Miami, although the script refers to them as "gashouse eggs". The name "Gashouse Special" is used in the 1975 book The Kids' Kitchen Takeover by Sarah Stein,[8] attributing the name as her husband's idea.

The dish is prepared in the 1987 film Moonstruck (by Olympia Dukakis' character). It is also prepared in a 1996 episode of the sitcom Friends, by the character Joey Tribbiani, who refers to it as "Eggs with the bread with the hole in the middle, a la me!" It is called "Eggy in the Basket" by Stephen Fry's character in the 2005 film V for Vendetta.
Description
Preparation of "egg in the basket".

The dish is typically bread with an egg in the center and then cooked with a little butter or oil.

It is commonly prepared by cutting a circular or square hole in the center of a piece of bread. The bread, sometimes buttered prior to cooking, is fried in a pan with butter, margarine, cooking oil, or other fat. When browned, the bread is flipped, and the egg is cracked into the "basket" cut into the toast. Alternatively, the egg may be dropped into the bread before the bread is browned. The time the egg is placed in the bread is dependent on desired consistency.

The dish is often either covered or flipped while cooking to obtain even cooking, and requires a degree of skill and temperature control to prevent burning either the egg or bread while the entire dish is cooked to the desired consistency.

Common Sense about Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Autism has a number of causes - which means you can do something to help reverse it and improve the life of your child.

There are a number of reasons why children develop Autism Spectrum Disorders or ASD. Genetics may play a part. But the vast majority of the causes are not genetic, which means you can do something about them.

As a consequence, autism is preventable — and to a large extent, may even be reversible to some degree. Correcting the underlying causes of your child’s ASD will produce significant improvement in your child, Every time.

Proceed at a pace your child can handle, so as not to overwhelm him and you will see improvement — usually a great deal of improvement.

There is no single underlying cause of autism so, even if your child started to develop symptoms after a vaccination, it is a combination of causes that lead to the development of ASD. The worse the causes, the worse the ASD.

The Underlying Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

The development of an ASD starts, most of the time, with your child having a chronic infection. often Candida overgrowth. But it could be a Lyme’s infection, multiple viral infections, mycoplasma or bacterial infections.

The vast majority of the time, Candida overgrowth is the primary infection and almost all children with autism will have Candida overgrowth to the extent that it is causing problems.

Candida is a yeast that is supposed to exist in small amounts among much greater amounts of friendly bacteria in the intestinal flora.

Unfortunately, in this age of antibiotics, medications, chlorinated water and chemicals in our food, all of which destroy the friendly bacteria while leaving the Candida yeast intact, Candida overgrows in the intestinal tract, filling up the space left by the friendly bacteria that have died.

Candida overgrows rapidly into this space because our usual sugar and refined carbohydrate filled diet is just what the Candida yeast love to eat. Fast food for you, fast food for Candida.

Candida overgrowth can actually become worse during pregnancy because Candida eats progesterone, levels of which elevate during pregnancy.

You can read more about Candida overgrowth and what you as an adult can do to get rid of it here:

Candida-Yeast-Infection-Relief.com

During birth, when the baby travels down the birth canal, it's gets "inoculated" with good bacteria from the mother -- a crucial step in building the child's ecosystem and intestinal flora. Unfortunately, many mothers, in this day and age, have Candida overgrowth, thanks to decades of antibiotic overuse so, instead of the baby being inoculated with healthy bacteria, the baby picks it up this Candida yeast instead during the birth process. At this stage, the infant has no defenses against it.

With C sections, the baby also does not pick up the friendly bacteria it needs (from going down the birth canal). If the mother as Candida overgrowth, the infant will be exposed to it, and be infected by it, through nursing, sharing food, kisses, etc. Again setting up the infant with a battle against Candida overgrowth.

Three Ways Candida Overgrowth Sets The Stage For The Development Of Autism Spectrum Disorders

1. Candida fungi produce and release toxins. Heavy duty toxins — including the same toxins you get from alcohol. These toxins inevitably overload the detoxification systems in the liver and in cells as the Candida are producing and releasing toxins every day, without letup.

By doing so, they cause serious damage to these detoxification systems. It happens something like this.

The liver uses a 3 phase process to remove toxins from the body. In Phase 1, toxins are pulled from the blood and changed by enzymatic action to a form where they can then be handled by the Phase 2 detoxification pathways.

This Phase 1 action is necessary, but it makes toxins a little more dangerous for a time. Some become more powerful free radicals, others, become worse carcinogens or mutagens, causing cancer or mutations.

This change is not a problem when the Phase 2 enzymes are able to do their job and grab hold of these toxins so that they can be removed from the body. Which happens when Phase 3 proteins transport them out through the bowels or kidneys.

But these Phase 2 enzymes get damaged by or used up by long lasting Candida toxin exposure.

When this happens, all of the toxins cannot be effectively eliminated. So they build up in the child’s liver and intestines.

This happens every time there is Candida overgrowth.

To make matters worse, the mutagen toxins produced by the Phase 1 action, can damage DNA by causing mutations that control the production of the enzymes used in the Phase 2 detoxification pathways. These mutations prevent adequate production of Phase 2 enzymes; proteins such as glutathione and set the child up for lifelong inability to detoxify adequately.

The Phase 1 detoxification process has made these toxins more available to be transported into cells. Liver cells and via the blood, cells anywhere in the body, including the brain.

Since the body stores toxins in fat cells if it can’t get rid of them, and as the brain is composed largely of fat cells, many of these toxins can end up in the brain.

These toxins will disrupt the function of cells. Worse still, they may cause inflammation and even an auto-immune attack on cells as the immune system will eventually use an inflammatory response to try and deal with the toxins.

2. The immune system becomes worn out and ineffective because it is continually fighting the Candida infection and dealing with their toxins. This allows other infections to develop. Viral infections, parasites, mycoplasma, bacteria infections all of which continue overloading the detoxification system with toxins.

3. Candida overgrowth typically starts out in the intestinal tract when there is not enough friendly bacteria to keep it in check. When it overgrows, it drills holes, so to speak, in the intestinal wall and moves out into the rest of the body. This is bad enough. What’s worse is....

These holes create a leaky gut where partially digested foods enter the bloodstream before they should.

These partially digested foods must be dealt with by the immune system because cells can not use them as food. Eventually this causes food sensitivities and allergies as the immune system develops a reaction to these foods.

As a result of the action of the Candida overgrowth issue, the child ends up with very poor digestion. When this happens, not enough protein is available to make the metabolic enzymes in the body. This includes the enzymes needed in the Phase 2 detox pathways.

All of this sets the stage for ASD to develop.

Inability To Eliminate Toxins Sets Up Autism

What happens when children receive a massive overload of toxins from vaccinations or exposure to pesticides and herbicides for example?

Children who do not suffer from Candida overgrowth, or some similar issue like a Lyme’s infection, whose detoxification system is thus working reasonably well, are able to eliminate these toxins without too much damage to their body. If the overload is not so much that their Phase 2 detoxification pathways become damaged, they will be okay.

But children whose detoxification pathways are already damaged to such as extent that they cannot properly detoxify, have problems. They cannot eliminate those toxins. Maybe they can handle a few exposures, but at some point the breakdown happens and these toxins build up in the body and the brain.

Here, they disrupt brain function, along with causing many other health issues. Inflammation develops as the immune system try to deal with these toxins. Other infections develop as the weakened immune system cannot knock out viruses and other pathogens it is exposed to.

Depending on what is effected and how much, ASD can develop.

This is the big picture of what is happening. It is possible to look at the details and pick out a lot of details. Nutrient deficiencies, genetic mutations, and more. (Of course, it may be the toxins that caused many of those genetic mutation.)

The 3 Basic Steps To Improve Autism Spectrum Disorders

At it’s most basic level, the conditions that led to the development of autism must be reversed. The candida and other infections must be eliminated or at the very least, greatly reduced. Toxins must be removed. The detoxification system must be repaired.

And then repair and regeneration of the brain and body must be stimulated. Certain parts of the brain are supposed to develop at certain times, and toxins have interfered with this development. And it is much more difficult later on to get the development that is needed. So ways to turn on this growth and repair must be incorporated into an overall repair regime.

These three steps can be used together, right from the start. But there are some issues to consider first.
The fundamental causes of autism are a chronic infection, usually candida, but could be Lyme’s or a viral infection. These overload the liver so that it can’t eliminate the toxins from the candida, and they build up in the body.

At this point the liver also is unable to detoxify major overexposure to other toxins. This could overexposure is often an event like a vaccination or series of vaccinations, or being exposed to mosquito spraying.

The combination of candida or some other infection, often from birth, and toxin overexposure sets up the development of autism.

But we don’t necessarily suggest starting with anti candida, anti viral supplements, or powerful detoxification supplements.

They may be started with if you have already worked on detoxification and have improved the function of the liver. Otherwise, you do not necessarily want to start out with anti-candida or anti-pathogen products or even strong detoxification supplements.

Starting with these could cause some sort of healing crisis as candida releases toxins when they die, and cells release even more toxins when you detoxify what is in the blood.

In a body unable to detoxify well, because the detoxification process has been damaged and the liver cannot send toxins out of the body, anything causing the release of toxins can be iffy. Even if your child can handle it for a few days or a few weeks, at some point the toxins can build up and excess toxin symptoms develop.

So go very slow with introducing some of the top supplements that deal with these underlying causes, CandXpel, Viral Control Elixir, and powerful detoxification supplements like Optimal C Elixir, Glutathione Force, Zeolite Enhanced with DHQ and Cellular Detoxification Elixir.

It may be best, if you have not worked on these issues yet, or if you know your child has hypersensitivity to toxins, to wait three months before starting on these.

Instead, start with some or all of the following group of elixirs that focus on getting the body healthy so that it can more easily handle the removal of candida and the release of toxins by cells.

Here are seven elixirs that are valuable for all children. (Depending on the symptoms your child has, such as hypersensitivity to sound, they may need addition elixirs. In this case, Sensory Overload Elixir.)

All can be used at the same time, and they are very easy to take together.

If you wanted to try a few elixirs to see how well they work, consider starting with these three….

Vagus Signaling Control Elixir Instructs the body to optimize function of the vagus nerve which is intimately connected with the parasympathetic nervous system. Resetting the vagus nerve can help to create what is called vagal calm in the body, at state with more inner peace and calmness.

Metabolic Energy Boost This elixir instructs cells to produce more energy and increase metabolism, primarily by more efficiently burning fat. In fact, it turns on a unique way to metabolize fat. Increasing cellular energy production is an important action for children on the spectrum.

Restful Sleep Elixir Works on every issue causing sleep problems and insomnia. Pineal gland function is improved so that optimal amounts of melatonin can be produced. The body is instructed to fall asleep fast, to stay asleep, and to sleep a deep restful sleep where you wake up refreshed. If you child has difficulty with sleeping, this elixir is likely to help.

Other elixirs, even more valuable in general for autism than Metabolic Energy Boost and Restful Sleep Elixir, but not as likely to produce results as quickly, are the following.

Start with a low dose, 1 or 2 drops a day, depending on size, and work up to the full dose. A simple way to calculate full dose is to go by the age of your child. A full dose for a 3 year old would be 3 drops twice a day. A full dose for an 8 year old would be 8 drops twice a day. And so on.

HPA Elixir Optimizes the performance of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands, all important for fundamentally improving overall health. Imbalances in these glands are common with autism spectrum disorders.

Biotic Boost This elixir energizes the friendly bacteria in the gut, helping them to colonize better and to resist candida and bad bacteria more vigorously.

Liver Detox Pathways Elixir Gives instructions to the body to produce enzymes needed for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 detoxification pathways in the liver. When the Phase 2 pathways are not functioning, toxins cannot be eliminated from the body. Repair of these pathways is essential if the body is going to detoxify. Otherwise toxins build up, and chemical sensitivities develop, and it will be difficult to do any detoxification treatments.

The final elixir below can be started at full dose the same as Vagus Signaling Control, Metabolic Energetic Boost and Restful Sleep Elixir.

Sattuv This elixir turns on repair of the neural pathways, and creation of new pathways if they can’t be repaired. It has a focus on improving the speech pathways, but helps with all neural pathways.

Let’s go back to covering all the valuable autism support supplements.

In our investigations, most of the suggestions below have a strong history of helping children or adults improve. Virtually everyone, usually greatly, if enough is done.

Step One — Dealing with Candida and Other Pathogens

A major concern when dealing with Candida overgrowth, or other pathogens for that matter, is that dead Candida release toxins, and when the body is already not adequately handling toxins, these additional toxins can overwhelm the detoxification system and cause numerous die off symptoms.

So you have to go very slow at introducing anti-Candida supplements thus it is best to use a supplement that tends to produce less die off than normal.

For infants up to adults, we have observed the best results coming from the frequency enhanced elixir....

CandXpel — Send Candida & Its Spores Out Of The Body

This elixir is a unique way to deal with candida fungal overgrowth. It tells the candida to leave the body, without dying, which eliminates the die off issues of toxins being released by dead candida when you kill them.

With CandXpel, candida overgrowth can be reduced without overloading the liver and the detoxification systems in the body. The candida will either move through the digestive tract to be eliminated through the colon, or be filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. Thus the liver will not have to be work hard to eliminate candida or their toxins.

You do need to introduce this slowly. As candida or other fungi are removed, cells recognize there are fewer toxins being produced by these, and will start to release toxins.

The energies in CandXpel tell the immune system to identify Candida and other fungal spores, and carry them out of the body. Removing these spores, so the candida won’t come back easily, is vital for getting the upper hand on Candida overgrowth.

Herbs, enzymes, all your typical Candida fighters, cannot touch these spores.

Moms: You should check to see if you have Candida overgrowth. If you do, you need to deal with it or else you’ll keep reinfecting your children. Work up to using 2 bottles a month of CandXpel.

Elixir Dosing

Work into using a full dose slowly. With younger children, always start using just 1 drop a day.

Determine the full dose to work up to using the age of your child. A 1 year old would use just 1 drop twice a day maximum, a 3 year old — 3 drops twice a day, and so on. This applies to all the elixirs mentioned in this report. A few you can start out at full dose. Maximum dose for teenagers and adults can be 2 bottles a month.

There are about 900 drops per bottle with all the elixirs we will mention in this article, so a bottle will last months for children.


CandiClear5 — Kills Candida, Parasites, Absorbs Toxins

To be more vigorous with eliminating candida and toxins, if you can do so, use CandiClear5.
Designed to fight Candida, this product is an outstanding detoxification treatment that is gentle, safe and calming.

With therapeutic levels of ClearEarth, Sacred Clay (pyrophyllite), Dihydroquercetin, Humic and Fulvic acids, and detoxification support nutrients, its chelation range and power is remarkable.

(Perhaps 5% of add . . .

The Possession Of Maria Talarico

The case of Lurancy Vennum happened more than eighty years ago. But there have been strange people with similar histories in our own time.

Under the bridge that spans the Corace River between Siano and Catanzaro, Italy, the body of nineteen-year-old Guiseppe Veraldi was found on the morning of February 13, 1936. It was only partially clothed, most of the garments being scattered about on the river’s bank. His head rested on a large stone. The left arm was broken and doubled under his chest.



Police examined the body, ignored the evidence, and decided that “Pepe” Veraldi and his companions of the night before had drunk too much and that on his way home Pepe had brooded over a recent love affair and jumped to his death from the bridge.

Just how ridiculous this assumption was can be ascertained quickly by recognition of the fact that the bridge at that point was more than a hundred feet high. Veraldi suffered only a broken arm and possible concussion. In any case, after having fallen a hundred feet to the stony river bank, he certainly could not have undressed himself; nor would he have escaped with such comparatively minor injuries.



Even an amateur sleuth would have recognized the signs of murder in this case, but the inquest upheld the police verdict and the death of Guiseppe Veraldi was officially closed.
Officially, perhaps, but not closed as far as his friends and relatives were concerned. They knew that he had Last been seen alive in the company of four drinking companions— Toto, Damiano, Abele and Rosario. They had been playing cards in a back room at the Gioso Tavern when Veraldi had come in. He took no part in the game but stood with his back to the wall, drinking wine, and kibitzing. Around midnight, witnesses said, the quintet left the tavern and walked toward the bridge where Pepe’s body was found the next day.

The police examination of the four men who had been with Veraldi on the night of his death was perfunctory: they were asked where and when they had last seen him and if they had any idea what might have induced him to take his own life. The foursome all agreed they had left him near the bridge and none of them could ascribe any motive for suicide except that he was very drunk.

But the strange story of Pepe Veraldi did not end there, it only began. Three years after his death on the river bank under the bridge a young girl in Siano, at the other end of that same bridge, suffered from a strange ailment.

Maria Talarico was seventeen, the second of a family of six children. She had not known Veraldi or any of his family and the only time she had ever seen him was when she had gone with other youngsters and peered down from the bridge at his body, more than a hundred feet below, as police conducted their routine inspection of the scene. That had been three years before the strange abnormality struck her.

It began on January 5, 1939, when Maria and her grand mother walked across the bridge to visit Maria’s mother, who worked on one of Mussolini’s Fascist projects in Catanzaro.
Nothing unusual happened until they approached the bridge on the return trip. As they reached the spot nearest the scene of Veraldi’s death, Maria suddenly dropped to the ground. There was a terrible pain in her knees, she said. A passerby, Guiseppe Trapasso, came to the aid of the two women and with his help Granny managed to get Maria home and to bed.
Within an hour the girl was clearly out of her mind. She writhed and groaned as though she were in some sort of convulsion. Her voice, normally soft and pleasant, became deep and sharp. She screamed that she wanted to see her mother—at once! A neighbor boy ran to the project where Mrs. Talarico worked and she came home as quickly as possible.

Maria took one look at her mother and shook her head. “You’re not my mother!” she screamed. “You may be the owner of this house but you are not my mother. She lives in Catanzaro—on Barrache Street—and her name is Catterina. I am Pepe!”

Questioning brought out that Maria was claiming to be the man whose body had been found under the bridge three years before. She kept calling for her “mother” - Mrs. Catterina Veraldi. Excited villagers soon spread the word that Maria Talarico was insane - that she imagined she was a man long dead, and that her voice and thoughts had changed to those of Pepe Veraldi.

Fortunately for the records on this case, there were competent and methodical medical practioners in Catanzaro and they entered the case early.
Dr. Giovanni Scambia seems to have been the first medical authority to examine the girl. His office was in Catanzaro and he made a total of fourteen visits to the Talarico home in Siano. Most important, Dr. Scambia kept a complete record of his findings and of the testimony he and the other medics accumulated in connection with the case. Dr. Fragola, ; a psychiatrist; Dr. Peri, an oculist; Dr. Manzi Carelli, director of the School of Obstetrics at Catanzaro, and Dr. Vincenzo Catalono, also of Catanzaro, all took part in the examination and study of Maria Talarico’s strange condition.

In the early stages of her seizure, when “Pepe” kept demariding that his mother be brought to him, Mrs. Talanco told Maria that she would send a note to Mrs. Veraldi, Maria took the pencil and scribbled: “Dear Mother. If you want to see me I am still your poor son. Pepe.”
But Mrs. Veraldi never got to see the note, for by this time the Siano police had invited themselves into the strange doings in the modest little Talarico home, and the Chief of Police, Salvatore Malorgio, simply confiscated the note and put it under lock and key. (Later, Dr. Scambia and the other medics induced the Chief to let them have the note, which they compared with samples of Guiseppe Veraldi’s handwriting and with that of Maria Talarico. They agreed that it was identical to that of Veraldi. although it had been written by Miss Talarico.)

On the evening of January 5th, Maria rose from her bed and selected four men from the crowd in the house to play a game of cards. To humor her, they agreed and seated themselves around the table. She gave each of them names, Rosario, Toto, Abele and Damiano—the names of the four men who had been playing cards the night of Veraldi’s death. As they played cards, Maria leaned against the wall and smoked cigarettes and drank wine, things which she had never done
in her normal state.
As the game progressed, she chided the characters around the little table.
“Why don’t you put sugar and salt and poppy seeds in the wine you give me, as you did that night. What do you want to get me drunk for—so you can kill me?” It was the voice of a man and it was a taunting voice, that of someone certain of the facts.
During the course of the game, Maria drank more than two quarts of wine and presently she became ill and regurgitated. A few moments later she began to scream and thresh about as though trying to defend herself.
“Abele! Toto! Let me alone. Don’t hit me—don’t hit me!
Help ... help! ... They’re trying to kill me under the bridge!”

After this outburst she sank down in a stupor for a few minutes and then, as Maria Talarico, spent a sleepless night. The Veraldis heard of the strange case but they were un decided on whether to become involved. They finally decided to put the girl to a test, so they selected a photograph of a sister of Veraldi whom Maria had certainly never seen. Carito Giovanni, Pepe’s brother-in-law, brought the picture to Maria’s bedside while she was claiming to be Pepe.
The moment the picture was unwrapped Maria grabbed it and called the girl by name. She even recounted a little family incident in which Pepe and the sister had been involved years before and of which the brother-in-law had never heard.

On the following day, according to Dr. Scambia’s record, Maria awakened very early. She urged her family to get their house in order, for her “mother,” Mrs. Veraldi, would be there at sjven o’clock. And as the hour approached she continued to describe Mrs. Veraldi’s approach. At precisely 7 a.m. the visitor arrived.
It was a fantastic scene, of course. Maria leapt from the bed and threw her arms around Mrs. Veraldi, showering the startled woman with kisses and cries of “Mother! Mother! Mother!”
She dragged up a chair for Mrs. Veraldi and climbed on her lap.
“Mother,” she sobbed. “It’s been three years since I have seen you!”

“Pepe, how were you killed?”

Without hesitation came the reply. “We were at Gioso’s Tavern—Toto, Damiano, Abele, Rosario and me. They played cards. I drank wine. After I was drunk they began to put things in the wine. Then they took me to a place near the bridge, near the Caserma di Cappussine, by the wall with the three fountains.
“Two of them, Toto and Abele, held me and shoved me through a hole in the wall. Then Rosario came through and bit me on the head. Toto struck me in the eye. Abele came up with a stone and broke my jaw. Then they took off my clothes and carried me under the bridge and Toto struck me with a piece of iron and broke my arm at the wrist. They threw my clothes off the bridge and put a stone under my head so I would look crazy. But, mother, I was not so crazy
that I would jump off that high bridge. I could not help my- self. They were four against one and I had drunk twenty-four glasses of wine. ... Mother, did you know that one of my killers had died in the hospital?”

Mrs. Veraldi did not know it. But subsequent investigation revealed that Abele had died in September of 1938 of a heart attack.
“... and Toto, mother, he volunteered for service in East Africa and was badly wounded in the face. Another of the killers, Damiano, is on his way to this house right now.”
Again Maria was right on all counts. Toto had left the scene of Pepe’s death shortly after the funeral and had gone to East Africa (Eritrea). He never returned to Catanzaro.
Damiano had not been invited to the Talarico home but, as Maria predicted, he arrived about five minutes after she had announced his coming.
“Pepe” was ready for him. He snorted that this girl was insane, but “Pepe” began to shower him with questions about things they had done together and it was apparent that Damiano was shaken. The questions turned to the manner of Pepe’s death and Damiano could only stand and shake his head. As soon as possible, he who had come only to sneer, rushed out of the house with perspiration streaming down his face. He flatly refused to be interrogated by Dr. Scambia.
Damiano wanted no part of this weird and alarming turn of affairs.

During her periods of claiming to be the dead Pepe, Maria was confronted by a number of Pepe’s relatives and friends to see whether she could identify them. She did so without exception, although it was certain that as Maria Talarico she had not known them and probably had never seen them.

Among them were Raffaele and Giovanni Veraldi, brothers of Pepe. She recognized both of them and called them by name as they entered the room, but refused to be friendly with Giovanni, because, she said, he did not respect their mother. A check disclosed that in the preceding week Giovanni had insulted his mother during a family argument in their home. Others whom she recognized included the owner of the Gioso Tavern, a relative of Pepe’s brother-in-
law, and Fabiano Luigi, a close friend of Pepe. She asked Fabiano to go to Catanzaro and get her a bologna sandwich and a bottle of brilhiantine for her hair.
Fabiano was understandably surprised for he and Pepe had often gone to that same place for bologna sandwiches, and brilhiatine was a favorite cosmetic that Pepe had often used.
About half an hour after Fabiano had left on this errand, Maria put down a picture she was holding and said: “Fabiano has met Biondo near the Military Hospital. They are talking about me.”
When Fabiano returned, Dr. Scambia met him outside the house and questioned him about the trip. Fabiano confirmed that he had met Biondo near the hospital just as Maria had asserted, and they had talked about the peculiar activities in the Talarico house.

Maria, as Pepe, also promptly identified the picture of a dead sister of Mancuso Salvatore, a friend of Pepe. And when still another of Pepe’s friends visited the Talarico home, Maria not only identified him immediately as Dell’ Apa Antonio but reminded him of the time they had worked together at the Catanzaro railroad station during the flood of 1935, a statement which Antonio told investigators was correct.

Dr. Scambia and the other medics had ample evidence that Maria Talarico had access to the memories and knowledge of the late Pepe Veraldi, while at the same time she knew nothing whatever of Maria Taladco.
Certainly one of the most puzzling aspects of the case was that involving a former Brigadier in the Italian army, Gugliemo Sita, whose testimony was set down by Dr. Scambia. Sita, a Customs Office official at the time of the Verakli death, had known Veraldi but did not know and had never seen Maria Talarico until he walked into her home on January 6, 1939, to test her alleged transition into Pepe Veraldi.
As the Brigadier entered the house Maria said: “Let him come in. It’s the Brigadier.”

She then proceeded to remind him that on the night of Veraldi’s death Pepe had seen him smoking his pipe in the window. This was true and Sita asked where Pepe had gone after passing Sita’s house.
Maria seemed embarrassed. She got a piece of paper and passed a scribbled message to Sita. It read: “Lillina’s house.” Sita knew the answer—and there it was on the slip of paper. Sita knew that Veraldi had been seeing Lillina Delia, the pretty wife of a violently jealous neighbor of Sita. He also knew that after passing his home that fateful night, Veraldi had slipped into Lillina’s, just as Maria had refused to say in the presence of others, but as she had written on the note she handed to him. The Brigadier told Dr. Scambia that he had gone to the Talarico home a complete skeptic, but had come away badly shaken by his experience.

The bizarre case of Maria Talarico came to its end in a surprising manner. “Pepe” told Mrs. Talarico that he had a pain in his leg and must be taken at once to the bridge to get his clothes. It was explained that the clothing had been taken away by the police. Nevertheless, said “Pepe,” he had to go to the bridge. After selecting four men to go with him, ‘Pepe” headed for the bridge with a small crowd following. When she reached the end of the bridge, Maria never paused but began to descend the almost perpendicular bank -a dangerous feat for an experienced person and doubly dangerous for a girl who knew nothing of such feats. The four men followed her cautiously. Maria’s mother, on the bridge, screamed at the men to stop her before she killed
herself, but they were too preoccupied with their own risky descent to heed her cries.

Maria climbed down to the rocky river bed without difficulty. She began removing her clothing and threw the garments about her. Making her way over the stones to the exact spot where Pepe Veraldi’s body bad lain, she fell back ward as though she had been struck with a club, her head on the same stone on which his had rested. Her right foot was bare, as his had been. She was unconscious.
The men who had followed her were understandably confused by this unexpected turn of events. They threw a coat over the girl and backed away to a respectable distance.
She lay on the cold stones for about ten minutes before she groaned and got up, evidently amazed at finding herself partially undressed in such an isolated spot with a crowd of people staring at her. Hastily putting on her garments, she was helped across the stream to an easier point of ascent and had to be assisted up the bank to the bridge level.

There, for the first time in weeks, she recognized her own mother and family. “Pepe Veraldi” was gone; she was Maria Talarico once more and as such she has remained.
When Maria learned that for more than two weeks she had been reliving the life of a man she had never known, she became ashamed and refused to leave the house. She did not recognize Dr. Scambia, who had been treating her daily during her strange experience. Later, however, she issued a statement at his request to bring an end to the gossip that still centered around her. It said:
“Of what has recently occurred, I remember nothing. You may not take my picture, for my boy friend has forbidden it. I have never even dreamed of the young fellow who was found dead under the bridge. I never talked to him or knew him. I am seventeen years old and my health has always been good. Signed, Maria Talarico, February 9, 1939.”

Drs. Scambia, Fragola, Peri, Catalono and Carelli had the rare opportunity to be present at this strange case, which took place virtually at their doorsteps. Their accounts are especially reliable since many of the individuals involved were known to them as friends and as patients. A rather lengthy account is published in La Riserca Psichica for June, 1939, published at 6 Via Spiga, Milan, Italy.

The case of Maria Talarico demonstrates once again how little we understand of what goes on around us, within us ... and sometimes through us.

Life history


The identification of several specimens as juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex has allowed scientists to document ontogenetic changes in the species, estimate the lifespan, and determine how quickly the animals would have grown. The smallest known individual (LACM 28471, the "Jordan theropod") is estimated to have weighed only 30 kg (66 lb), while the largest, such as FMNH PR2081 (Sue) most likely weighed about 5,650 kg (12,460 lb). Histologic analysis of Tyrannosaurus rex bones showed LACM 28471 had aged only 2 years when it died, while Sue was 28 years old, an age which may have been close to the maximum for the species.[14]
11-year-old juvenile (Jane) specimen, with adult in the background, Burpee Museum of Natural History

Histology has also allowed the age of other specimens to be determined. Growth curves can be developed when the ages of different specimens are plotted on a graph along with their mass.

A Tyrannosaurus rex growth curve is S-shaped, with juveniles remaining under 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) until approximately 14 years of age, when body size began to increase dramatically.

During this rapid growth phase, a young Tyrannosaurus rex would gain an average of 600 kg (1,300 lb) a year for the next four years. At 18 years of age, the curve plateaus again, indicating that growth slowed dramatically.

For example, only 600 kg (1,300 lb) separated the 28-year-old Sue from a 22-year-old Canadian specimen (RTMP 81.12.1).[14] A 2004 histological study performed by different workers corroborates these results, finding that rapid growth began to slow at around 16 years of age.[57]

Another study corroborated the latter study's results but found the growth rate to be much faster, finding it to be around 1800 kilograms (4000 lbs). Although these results were much higher than previous estimations, the authors noted that these results significantly lowered the great difference between its actual growth rate and the one which would be expected of an animal of its size.[4]

The sudden change in growth rate at the end of the growth spurt may indicate physical maturity, a hypothesis which is supported by the discovery of medullary tissue in the femur of a 16 to 20-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex from Montana (MOR 1125, also known as B-rex).
Medullary tissue is found only in female birds during ovulation, indicating that B-rex was of reproductive age.[58] Further study indicates an age of 18 for this specimen.[59] In 2016, it was finally confirmed by Mary Higby Schweitzer and Lindsay Zanno et al that the soft tissue within the femur of MOR 1125 was medullary tissue. This also confirmed the identity of the specimen as a female. The discovery of medullary bone tissue within Tyrannosaurus may prove valuable in determining the sex of other dinosaur species in future examinations, as the chemical makeup of medullary tissue is unmistakable.[60][61] Other tyrannosaurids exhibit extremely similar growth curves, although with lower growth rates corresponding to their lower adult sizes.[62]

Over half of the known Tyrannosaurus rex specimens appear to have died within six years of reaching sexual maturity, a pattern which is also seen in other tyrannosaurs and in some large, long-lived birds and mammals today. These species are characterized by high infant mortality rates, followed by relatively low mortality among juveniles. Mortality increases again following sexual maturity, partly due to the stresses of reproduction. One study suggests that the rarity of juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex fossils is due in part to low juvenile mortality rates; the animals were not dying in large numbers at these ages, and so were not often fossilized. However, this rarity may also be due to the incompleteness of the fossil record or to the bias of fossil collectors towards larger, more spectacular specimens.[62]

In a 2013 lecture, Thomas Holtz Jr. would suggest that dinosaurs "lived fast and died young" because they reproduced quickly whereas mammals have long life spans because they take longer to reproduce.[63] Gregory S. Paul also writes that Tyrannosaurus reproduced quickly and died young, but attributes their short life spans to the dangerous lives they lived.[64]

Serendipity means a "fortunate happenstance" or "pleasant surprise". It was coined by Horace Walpole in 1754. In a letter he wrote to a friend, Walpole explained an unexpected discovery he had made by reference to a Persian fairy tale, The Three Princes of Serendip.
The princes, he told his correspondent, were "always making discoveries, by accidents and sagacity, of things which they were not in quest of".

In June 2004 a British translation company voted the word to be one of the ten English words hardest to translate.[1] However, due to its sociological use, the word has since been exported into many other languages.[2]

The notion of serendipity is a common occurrence throughout the history of scientific innovation such as Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928,


the invention of the microwave oven by Percy Spencer in 1945,


and the invention of the Post-it note by Spencer Silver in 1968.

The cassava root is a natural source of cyanide.
Cyanide describes a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen atoms. This carbon-nitrogen combination can be combined with metals or other elements to form any number of compounds or salts, such as potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide. It is also found naturally in sugars, cassava roots, large fruit pits and tobacco leaves.

Different cyanide salts are used to process film, remove gold from ore, electroplate or clean metals, and make paper or plastic. In gas form, hydrogen cyanide is used to fumigate warehouses and the cargo areas of ships. The compounds can be stored in liquid, solid or gas form. It can kill by disabling the body's ability to use life-sustaining oxygen. The infamous "suicide pills" used by spies were often derived from prussic acid, a solid form of the compound.

Fires and cigarette smoke are the most common source of cyanide exposure for most people. Cyanide is naturally found in tobacco, and smokers can have more than 2.5 times the mean whole blood cyanide level of nonsmokers, though this is generally not enough to cause poisoning.