What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic?
Nonpolar molecules that repel the water molecules are said to be hydrophobic;
molecules forming ionic or a hydrogen bond with the water molecule are said to be hydrophilic.
Soap Bubble Science
Fluids, by virtue of their surface tensions, tend to minimize their surface area. They become spheres.
When stretched, they develop waists every where they become longer than 3.13 to 3.18 times their diameters, then develop waists at those locations that snap into a series of smaller spheres with the same volume but less surface area.
This is known as the Plateau–Rayleigh instability.
What Is a Bubble?
A bubble is a thin film of soapy water. Most of the bubbles that you see are filled with air, but you can make a bubble using other gases, such as carbon dioxide. The film that makes the bubble has three layers. A thin layer of water is sandwiched between two layers of soap molecules. Each soap molecule is oriented so that its polar (hydrophilic) head faces the water, while its hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail extends away from the water layer. No matter what shape a bubble has initially, it will try to become a sphere.
The sphere is the shape that minimizes the surface area of the structure, which makes it the shape that requires the least energy to achieve.
Soap bubbles can help to solve complex mathematical problems of space, as they will always find the smallest surface area between points or edges.
A bubble can exist because the surface layer of a liquid (usually water) has a certain surface tension, which causes the layer to behave somewhat like an elastic sheet.
However, a bubble made with a pure liquid alone is not stable and a dissolved surfactant such as soap is needed to stabilize a bubble.
A common misconception is that soap increases the water's surface tension.
Actually soap does the exact opposite, decreasing it to approximately one third the surface tension of pure water.
Soap does not strengthen bubbles, it stabilizes them, via an action known as the Marangoni effect.
As the soap film stretches, the surface concentration of soap decreases, which causes the surface tension to increase.
Thus, soap selectively strengthens the weakest parts of the bubble and tends to prevent them from stretching further.
If soap bubbles are blown into air that is below a temperature of -15 °C (5 °F), they will freeze when they touch a surface. The air inside will gradually diffuse out, causing the bubble to crumble under its own weight. At temperatures below about -25 °C (-13 °F), bubbles will freeze in the air and may shatter when hitting the ground. When a bubble is blown with warm air, the bubble will freeze to an almost perfect sphere at first, but when the warm air cools, and a reduction in volume occurs, there will be a partial collapse of the bubble. A bubble, created successfully at this low temperature, will always be rather small; it will freeze quickly and will shatter if increased further
Bubbles are interesting to mess with!
So, how to make them?
www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-best-bubbles/www.diynetwork.com/how-to/make-and-decorate/crafts/the-two-best-homemade-soap-bubble-recipesBut personally, I'm attracted to:
How to Make Homemade Giant Bubbles that will Blow your Mind!
happyhooligans.ca/homemade-giant-bubbles/
... to the New Guys from The ChatBox V.2 Crew