Chemical Bonds

Lines get fuzzy and pinpointing which interactions are what can depend on who drew the lines.

This becomes more apparent when classifying hydrogen bonds. Weak, strong, super strong, low barrier, inclusive of those where the one hydrogen atom is nearly equally shared between both electronegative atoms, as if it is covalently bonded to both.

Beyond that, we're taught these hydrogen bonds form when hydrogen is the meat of an electronegative atom sandwich, particularly N, O, and F; so long as the angles and distances are correct. But, that's not an absolute definition. Hydrogen bonding character can be seen even with Carbon, such as polysaccharide species like cellulose.

Then it gets more interesting with pi-pi interactions, or cation-pi, and anion-pi. Even more so with London dispersion and Van der Waals.

But what is it that we're talking about here? The spectrum of phenomenon within the electromagnetic force. We apply labels to it, because that's useful for communicating information to each other, but the universe does what it wants regardless of the labels we place on it.

mohs, I believe there are billions (perhaps trillions) of electrons in the universe for every proton!

With hydrogen we have ONE tiny proton - 1836 times bigger than the equal charged electron zipping around it somewhere between 2,200 miles per second and the speed of light.

What keeps it in orbit in a space much smaller than the point of a pin?

It must be much more than the equal charge of the proton. I believe it is the repulsion of the billions of free electrons surrounding it.

Heat is stored as increased vibrational energy in the nucleus, and that increasing energy frequently kicks the atoms electrons out of orbit, generating electromagnetic waves - sound, radio. light, etc.

The old electron is a moving on and long gone - BUT is instantly replaced by a nearby free electron!

Water waves are generated by water molecules jostling their neighbors, but like a people wave in a football stadium, seldom move far unless there is also a current. The same is true with ground waves and ground particles, sound waves and air particles. AND light waves and electrons.

There have to be lots of electrons for light to travel from one end of the universe to the other!

Energy and Matter are interchangeable, BUT WHAT IS LIFE?

Electrons and Protons existed before stars.



Stars get their energy by compressing electrons and protons into ever heavier elements that interact in ever more complex ways.

BUT what energizes the electrons and protons and magnetism?









Our brains store information much as electromagnetism stores information on tapes and disks, . . .

But what is life?

Just another chemical reaction like fire?

Or is it something totally different than matter and energy?

I think it is something totally different.

On the philosophical side of things. Worth the 37 minutes.

Signed,

A collection of disturbances in the quantum field currently acting Ben-like.

It started way back when
Man inhaled Helium
and then Started talking
in a funny voice

Your'e just an Individual
living in a bubble of your
Own Reality

When you Rest,
Sleep and Dream
the rest of the World
Is always spinning Bye